产品号 #78006_C
Epidermal growth factor
概述
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is characterized by high affinity binding to various EGF receptors (EGFRs) and the production of mitogenic responses (Carpenter & Cohen). EGF promotes EGFR dimerization, resulting in activation of downstream pathways including PI3K, ERK1/2, JAK/STAT, β-catenin, and calcium signaling. EGF is secreted by the gut-associated salivary and Brunner’s glands, is found in a variety of body fluids, and stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation in rodent and neonatal human intestine (Wright et al.). Central nervous system stem cells also proliferate in response to the EGF stimulus (Reynolds & Weiss).
Subtype
Cytokines, Growth Factors
Cell Type
Brain Tumor Stem Cells, Endoderm, PSC-Derived, Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells, Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells, Mesoderm, PSC-Derived, Neural Cells, PSC-Derived, Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells, Neurons, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Prostate Cells
Species
Human
Area of Interest
Epithelial Cell Biology, Neuroscience, Stem Cell Biology
Purity
> 95%
Data Figures
Protocols and Documentation
Find supporting information and directions for use in the Product Information Sheet or explore additional protocols below.
Applications
This product is designed for use in the following research area(s) as part of the highlighted workflow stage(s). Explore these workflows to learn more about the other products we offer to support each research area.
Resources and Publications
Educational Materials (3)
Publications (2)
FACS-Free isolation and purification protocol of mouse prostate epithelial cells for organoid primary culture. MethodsX 2022
Abstract
The prostate is a gland that contributes to men's fertility. It is highly responsive to androgens and is often the site of carcinogenesis, as prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer in men in over a hundred countries. To study the normal prostate, few in vitro models exist, and most of them do not express the androgen receptor (AR). To overcome this issue, prostate epithelial cells can be grown in primary culture ex vivo in 2- and 3-dimensional culture (organoids). However, methods to purify these cells often require flow cytometry, thus necessitating specialized instruments and expertise. Herein, we present a detailed protocol for the harvest, purification, and primary culture of mouse prostate epithelial cells to grow prostate organoids ex vivo. This protocol does not require flow cytometry approaches, facilitating its implementation in most research laboratories, and organoids grown with this protocol are highly responsive to androgens. In summary, we present a new simple method that can be used to grow prostate organoids that recapitulate the androgen response of this gland in vivo.
A Novel Protocol for Directed Differentiation of C9orf72-Associated Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Contractile Skeletal Myotubes STEM CELLS Translational Medicine 2016 NOV
Abstract
: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unlimited resource of cells to be used for the study of underlying molecular biology of disease, therapeutic drug screening, and transplant-based regenerative medicine. However, methods for the directed differentiation of skeletal muscle for these purposes remain scarce and incomplete. Here, we present a novel, small molecule-based protocol for the generation of multinucleated skeletal myotubes using eight independent iPSC lines. Through combinatorial inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) with addition of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), we report up to 64% conversion of iPSCs into the myogenic program by day 36 as indicated by MYOG+ cell populations. These cells began to exhibit spontaneous contractions as early as 34 days in vitro in the presence of a serum-free medium formulation. We used this protocol to obtain iPSC-derived muscle cells from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients harboring C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions (rGGGGCC), sporadic FTD, and unaffected controls. iPSCs derived from rGGGGCC carriers contained RNA foci but did not vary in differentiation efficiency when compared to unaffected controls nor display mislocalized TDP-43 after as many as 120 days in vitro. This study presents a rapid, efficient, and transgene-free method for generating multinucleated skeletal myotubes from iPSCs and a resource for further modeling the role of skeletal muscle in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases. SIGNIFICANCE Protocols to produce skeletal myotubes for disease modeling or therapy are scarce and incomplete. The present study efficiently generates functional skeletal myotubes from human induced pluripotent stem cells using a small molecule-based approach. Using this strategy, terminal myogenic induction of up to 64% in 36 days and spontaneously contractile myotubes within 34 days were achieved. Myotubes derived from patients carrying the C9orf72 repeat expansion show no change in differentiation efficiency and normal TDP-43 localization after as many as 120 days in vitro when compared to unaffected controls. This study provides an efficient, novel protocol for the generation of skeletal myotubes from human induced pluripotent stem cells that may serve as a valuable tool in drug discovery and modeling of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular diseases.
PRODUCTS ARE FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND NOT INTENDED FOR HUMAN OR ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USES UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED.
