产品号 #73722_C
钙离子载体
总览
离子霉素（Ionomycin）是一种强效的选择性钙离子载体，来源于长链霉菌（Liu et al.）。它被用作快速提高细胞内钙水平的研究工具，并通过诱导胞质钙储存的释放来研究钙离子跨生物膜的转运（Morgan & Jacob; Yoshida & Plant）。离子霉素是比A23187更有效的Ca++离子载体，但结合和携带Mg++的效果较差（Liu & Hermann）。离子霉素能够激活和启动多形核中性粒细胞（PMN）氧化酶（Elzi et al.），并与Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA；产品号 #74042) 一起使用以激活T细胞（IC₅₀= 5.8 nM；Caraher et al.; Zhang et al.）。该产品以10 mg/mL的乙醇溶液形式提供。
免疫学
·与PMA结合，激活人、小鼠或大鼠来源的T细胞，表达包括IL-17、IL-4、IL-10和IL-2在内的细胞因子（Caraher et al.; Harrington et al.; Parrish-Novak et al.)。
细胞类型
T 细胞
种属
人，小鼠，非人灵长类，其它细胞系，大鼠
应用
激活
研究领域
免疫
CAS 编号
56092-81-0; 64-17-5
化学式
C₄₁H₇₂O₉
纯度
≥98%
通路
钙信号
靶点
钙
Protocols and Documentation
Find supporting information and directions for use in the Product Information Sheet or explore additional protocols below.
Resources and Publications
Publications (9)
Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages. Nature immunology 2005 NOV
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells producing interleukin 17 (IL-17) are associated with autoimmunity, although the precise mechanisms that control their development are undefined. Here we present data that challenge the idea of a shared developmental pathway with T helper type 1 (T(H)1) or T(H)2 lineages and instead favor the idea of a distinct effector lineage we call 'T(H)-17'. The development of T(H)-17 cells from naive precursor cells was potently inhibited by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4, whereas committed T(H)-17 cells were resistant to suppression by T(H)1 or T(H)2 cytokines. In the absence of IFN-gamma and IL-4, IL-23 induced naive precursor cells to differentiate into T(H)-17 cells independently of the transcription factors STAT1, T-bet, STAT4 and STAT6. These findings provide a basis for understanding how inhibition of IFN-gamma signaling enhances development of pathogenic T(H)-17 effector cells that can exacerbate autoimmunity.
Ionomycin causes activation of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases in human neutrophils. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2001 JUL
Abstract
Many receptor-linked agents that prime or activate the NADPH oxidase in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) elicit changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. To investigate the role of Ca2+ in the activation of p38 and p42/44 MAP kinases, we examined the effects of the Ca2+-selective ionophore ionomycin on priming and activation of the PMN oxidase. Ionomycin caused a rapid rise in cytosolic Ca2+ that was due to both a release of cytosolic Ca2+ stores and Ca2+ influx. Ionomycin also activated (2 microM) and primed (20-200 nM) the PMN oxidase. Dual phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and phosphorylation of its substrate activating transcription factor-2 were detected at ionomycin concentrations that prime or activate the PMN oxidase, while dual phosphorylation of p42/44 MAP kinase and phosphorylation of its substrate Elk-1 were elicited at 0.2-2 microM. SB-203580, a p38 MAP kinase antagonist, inhibited ionomycin-induced activation of the oxidase (68 +/- 8%, P textless 0.05) and tyrosine phosphorylation of 105- and 72-kDa proteins; conversely, PD-98059, an inhibitor of MAP/extracellular signal-related kinase 1, had no effect. Treatment of PMNs with thapsigargin resulted in priming of the oxidase and activation of p38 MAP kinase. Chelation of cytosolic but not extracellular Ca2+ completely inhibited ionomycin activation of p38 MAP kinase, whereas chelation of extracellular Ca2+ abrogated activation of p42/44 MAP kinase. These results demonstrate the importance of changes in cytosolic Ca2+ for MAP kinase activation in PMNs.
Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 in CD3(+)4(+) T-cells from rat spleen. Journal of immunological methods 2000 OCT
Abstract
The application of multi-parameter flow cytometry for the assessment of T-cell and cytokine functioning has been used by several groups for studying human and mouse samples, although little has been reported for the rat. Here we report the optimisation of immunofluorescent staining for cell surface and intracellular antigens using three-colour flow cytometric analysis to measure the frequency of rat CD3(+)4(+) T-cells that produce IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10. In vitro stimulation of IFN-gamma production required incubation of splenocytes with PMA and ionomycin in the presence of the protein transport inhibitor brefeldin A for 6 h. Three stimulation protocols for IL-4 and IL-10 production were evaluated. In vitro priming of splenic T-cells with antibodies against CD3 and CD28 and recombinant cytokines (IL-2 and IL-4) for 5 days followed by restimulation with PMA and ionomycin was required to stimulate cells to produce either IL-4 or IL-10. Brefeldin A was found to be a more suitable protein transport inhibitor than monensin. This method will be useful for analysing the nature of individual rat cytokine-producing cells in a variety of experimental model systems.
更多信息
| Species | Human, Mouse, Non-Human Primate, Other, Rat |
|---|---|
| Cas Number | 56092-81-0; 64-17-5 |
| Chemical Formula | C₄₁H₇₂O₉ |
| Purity | ≥ 98% |
| Target | Calcium |
| Pathway | Calcium Signaling |
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