产品号 #73272_C
抗生素;双链DNA烷基化剂
总览
丝裂霉素C是一种抗生素，作为双链DNA烷基化剂。它共价交联DNA，抑制DNA合成和细胞增殖。通过低pH或NAD(P)H：醌氧化还原酶（DT-diaphorase）或NADH细胞色素c还原酶实现(Mao等人；卡明斯等人)。
维持
·使小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MEFs）丝裂活性失效，用作胚胎干细胞共培养系统中的饲养层细胞（Bryja 等人）。
癌症研究
·选择性抑制DNA合成和诱变，刺激基因重组、染色体断裂和姐妹染色单体交换，诱导DNA修复（Tomasz）。
别名
Ametycine；MitoExtra；Mitonco；Mitoplus；MMC；NSC 26980
细胞类型
癌细胞及细胞系，多能干细胞
种属
人，小鼠，非人灵长类，其它细胞系，大鼠
应用
抗生素，培养
研究领域
癌症，干细胞生物学
CAS 编号
50-07-7
化学式
C₁₅H₁₈N₄O₅
分子量
334.3 克/摩尔
纯度
≥98%
Protocols and Documentation
Find supporting information and directions for use in the Product Information Sheet or explore additional protocols below.
Applications
This product is designed for use in the following research area(s) as part of the highlighted workflow stage(s). Explore these workflows to learn more about the other products we offer to support each research area.
Resources and Publications
Educational Materials (4)
Publications (4)
Derivation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature protocols 2006
Abstract
Here we describe a simple and efficient protocol for derivation of germline chimera-competent mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) from embryonic day 3.5 (E3.5) blastocysts. The protocol involves the use of early-passage mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders (MEF) and the alternation of fetal bovine serum- and serum replacement (SR)-containing media. As compared to other available protocols for mESCs derivation, our protocol differs in the combination of commercial availability of all reagents, technical simplicity and high efficiency. mESC lines are derived with approximately 50% efficiency (50 independent mESC lines derived from 96 blastocysts). We believe that this protocol could be a good starting point for (i) setting up the derivation of mESC lines in a laboratory and (ii) incorporating further steps to improve efficiency or adapt the protocol to other applications. The whole process (from blastocyst extraction to the freezing of mESC line) usually takes between 15 and 20 d.
Molecular characterization and analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the antitumor antibiotic mitomycin C from Streptomyces lavendulae NRRL 2564. Chemistry & biology 1999
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The mitomycins are natural products that contain a variety of functional groups, including aminobenzoquinone- and aziridine-ring systems. Mitomycin C (MC) was the first recognized bioreductive alkylating agent, and has been widely used clinically for antitumor therapy. Precursor-feeding studies showed that MC is derived from 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA), D-glucosamine, L-methionine and carbamoyl phosphate. A genetically linked AHBA biosynthetic gene and MC resistance genes were identified previously in the MC producer Streptomyces lavendulae NRRL 2564. We set out to identify other genes involved in MC biosynthesis. RESULTS: A cluster of 47 genes spanning 55 kilobases of S. lavendulae DNA governs MC biosynthesis. Fourteen of 22 disruption mutants did not express or overexpressed MC. Seven gene products probably assemble the AHBA intermediate through a variant of the shikimate pathway. The gene encoding the first presumed enzyme in AHBA biosynthesis is not, however, linked within the MC cluster. Candidate genes for mitosane nucleus formation and functionalization were identified. A putative MC translocase was identified that comprises a novel drug-binding and export system, which confers cellular self-protection on S. lavendulae. Two regulatory genes were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: The overall architecture of the MC biosynthetic gene cluster in S. lavendulae has been determined. Targeted manipulation of a putative MC pathway regulator led to a substantial increase in drug production. The cloned genes should help elucidate the molecular basis for creation of the mitosane ring system, as well efforts to engineer the biosynthesis of novel natural products.
Enzymology of mitomycin C metabolic activation in tumour tissue: implications for enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development. Biochemical pharmacology 1998
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MMC) is the prototype bioreductive DNA alkylating agent. To exploit its unique properties and maximize patient responses, different therapeutic approaches have been investigated. Recently, the focus has concentrated on monitoring the levels of the proteins metabolizing the drug and relating these to activity in a regimen referred to as enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development. To be successful, it is important to understand the enzymology of metabolic activation not only in cell lines but also in solid tumour models. A general mechanism of action for MMC has now emerged that is activated regardless of the source of reducing equivalents, comprising three competing pathways that give rise to unique reactive intermediates and different DNA adducts. Partitioning into the pathways is dictated by chemical considerations such as pH and drug concentration. DT-diaphorase stands out in this mechanism, since it is much less effective at metabolizing MMC at neutral pH. At least five different enzymes can catalyse MMC bioreduction in vitro, and as many activities may be present in solid tumours, including a series of novel mitochondrial reductases such as a cytochrome P450 reductase. Competition between reductases for MMC appears to be based solely on protein levels rather than enzyme kinetics. Consequentially, DT-diaphorase can occupy a central role in MMC metabolic activation since it is often highly overexpressed in cancer cells. Although a good correlation has been observed in cell lines between DT-diaphorase expression and aerobic cytotoxicity, this does not hold consistently in vivo for any single bioreductive enzyme, suggesting revision of the enzyme-directed hypothesis as originally formulated.
更多信息
| Molecular Weight | 334.3 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Species | Human, Mouse, Non-Human Primate, Other, Rat |
| Alternative Names | Ametycine; MitoExtra; Mitonco; Mitoplus; MMC; NSC 26980 |
| Cas Number | 50-07-7 |
| Chemical Formula | C₁₅H₁₈N₄O₅ |
| Purity | ≥ 98% |
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PRODUCTS ARE FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND NOT INTENDED FOR HUMAN OR ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USES UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON QUALITY AT STEMCELL, REFER TO WWW.STEMCELL.COM/COMPLIANCE. Safety Statement: CA WARNING: This product can expose you to Mitomycin C which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov
