Fasudil (also known as HA-1077) is a potent inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2; IC₅₀ = 1.9 µM). Additionally, it inhibits protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2), mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 1b (MAPKAP-K1b) with IC₅₀ values of 4, 5, and 15 µM, respectively (Davies et al.). This product is supplied as the dihydrochloride salt of the molecule.
DIFFERENTIATION
· Suppresses proliferation and collagen production but also increases collagenase activity of hepatic stellate cells (Fukushima et al..
· Inhibits endothelial cell migration, viability, and tube formation in vitro in HUVECs (Yin et al.)
· Improves adipocyte differentiation, preventing development of diabetes and nephropathy in insulin-resistant diabetic rats (Kikuchi et al.).
DISEASE MODELING
· Reduces pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats (Oka et al.).
· Enhances neurological recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (Hara et al.).
· Inhibits corneal neovascularization after alkali burns and promotes the healing of corneal epithelial defects in mice (Zeng et al.).
DIFFERENTIATION
· Suppresses proliferation and collagen production but also increases collagenase activity of hepatic stellate cells (Fukushima et al..
· Inhibits endothelial cell migration, viability, and tube formation in vitro in HUVECs (Yin et al.)
· Improves adipocyte differentiation, preventing development of diabetes and nephropathy in insulin-resistant diabetic rats (Kikuchi et al.).
DISEASE MODELING
· Reduces pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats (Oka et al.).
· Enhances neurological recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (Hara et al.).
· Inhibits corneal neovascularization after alkali burns and promotes the healing of corneal epithelial defects in mice (Zeng et al.).
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Protocols and Documentation
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Resources and Publications
Publications (7)
Fasudil hydrochloride, a potent ROCK inhibitor, inhibits corneal neovascularization after alkali burns in mice. Molecular vision 2015 JAN
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of fasudil hydrochloride (fasudil) on and in alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV) in mice. METHODS To observe the effect of fasudil, mice with alkali-burned corneas were treated with either fasudil eye drops or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) four times per day for 14 consecutive days. After injury, CNV and corneal epithelial defects were measured. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) was measured. The infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and the mRNA expressions of CNV-related genes were analyzed on day 14. RESULTS The incidence of CNV was significantly lower after treatment with 100 μM and 300 μM fasudil than with PBS, especially with 100 μM fasudil. Meanwhile, the incidences of corneal epithelial defects was lower (n=15, all ptextless0.01). After treatment with 100 μM fasudil, the intensity of DHE fluorescence was reduced in the corneal epithelium and stroma than with PBS treatment (n=5, all ptextless0.01), and the number of filtrated PMNs decreased. There were significant differences between the expressions of VEGF, TNF-a, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in the 100 μM fasudil group and the PBS group (n=8, all ptextless0.05). The production of HO-1 protein in the 100 μM fasudil group was 1.52±0.34 times more than in the PBS group (n=5 sample, ptextless0.05). CONCLUSIONS 100 μM fasudil eye drops administered four times daily can significantly inhibit alkali burn-induced CNV and promote the healing of corneal epithelial defects in mice. These effects are attributed to a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration, reduction of ROS, and upregulation of HO-1 protein after fasudil treatment.
Fasudil inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Molecular cancer therapeutics 2007 MAY
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced endothelial cell migration is an important component of tumor angiogenesis. Rho and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) are key regulators of focal adhesion, stress fiber formation, and thus cell motility. Inhibitors of this pathway have been shown to inhibit endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the antiangiogenic effect of fasudil, one of the ROCK inhibitors. Fasudil inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration, viability, and tube formation in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration was reduced by fasudil associated with loss of stress fiber formation, focal adhesion assembly, and with the suppression of tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins. Furthermore, fasudil inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain, which is one of the main substrates of ROCK. Therefore, the effect of fasudil was suggested to be ROCK dependent. Fasudil not only inhibited VEGF-induced cell proliferation but also reversed the protective effect of VEGF on apoptosis, which resulted in the decrease of cell viability. Moreover, fasudil inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in a directed in vivo angiogenesis assay. These data are the first demonstration that fasudil has antiangiogenic properties. Therefore, fasudil might be useful for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases, especially cancer.
A Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, prevents development of diabetes and nephropathy in insulin-resistant diabetic rats. The Journal of endocrinology 2007 MAR
Abstract
Fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, may improve insulin signaling. However, its long-term effect on metabolic abnormalities and its preventive effect on diabetic nephropathy are still unknown. We assessed these effects of fasudil in insulin-resistant diabetic rats, comparing them with those of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, olmesartan. Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka, non-diabetic control, rats at 15 weeks of age were used. OLETF rats were randomized to receive a low or a high dose of fasudil or olmesartan for 25 weeks. To examine the therapeutic effects after the development of diabetes, OLETF rats at 30 weeks of age were given fasudil for 10 weeks. Administration of high-dose fasudil completely suppressed the development of diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia and increased serum adiponectin levels in OLETF rats. High-dose olmesartan also decreased hemoglobin A1c and increased serum adiponectin. There was a significant correlation between hemoglobin A1c and serum adiponectin or free fatty acid levels. The treatment with high-dose fasudil ameliorated proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, renal interstitial fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration in OLETF rats. Olmesartan, even at the low dose, suppressed renal complications. The treatment with fasudil after the development of diabetes improved the metabolic abnormalities in OLETF rats, but could not suppress the progression of nephropathy. We conclude that the long-term treatment with fasudil prevents the development of diabetes, at least in part, by improving adipocyte differentiation in insulin-resistant diabetic rats. Early use of fasudil may prevent diabetic nephropathy.
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